Student-Athletes with Learning Differences or ADHD: Colleges that Offer Real Support

Learning differences like ADHD and dyslexia are more common among student-athletes than many realize. While only a small percentage of college athletes report a documented learning disability, experts believe the real number is significantly higher—often undiagnosed or disclosed only after enrollment. An academic advisor at FSU estimated that a third of her university’s football team had an undiagnosed learning difference.

Why are these challenges so prevalent in sports? Many students who struggle in traditional academic settings thrive in athletic environments that offer structure, movement, and the chance to excel in different ways. For many young athletes, the field, court, or pool becomes a space where they feel confident—even if the classroom has been a source of frustration.

The College Transition: Academic and Athletic Challenges

For families and counselors supporting student-athletes with learning differences, it’s important to understand that the transition to college brings new layers of complexity. ADHD can show up as impulsive decisions in games or difficulties following instructions. A student might struggle to manage time, remember assignments, or adjust to new coaching systems. And research shows these athletes are also at higher risk for injuries like concussions.

For students with dyslexia or other learning disabilities, the challenges may be more academic—difficulty reading playbooks, writing papers, or keeping pace in a demanding college schedule. These struggles can put academic eligibility at risk, especially without early identification and support. Many athletes go undiagnosed until college, at which point the stakes are higher and the adjustment more difficult.

The Upside: Strengths That Drive Success

Learning differences don’t just create obstacles—they also shape strengths that help athletes succeed. ADHD can fuel intense focus on high-interest tasks (like a match or game), quick decision-making, and a high tolerance for pressure. Dyslexic athletes often excel in visual-spatial reasoning and creative problem-solving. These are valuable traits in fast-paced sports and high-level competition.

In fact, some of the most successful athletes in the world—Simone Biles, Michael Phelps, Magic Johnson—have spoken openly about their own ADHD or dyslexia. Their stories offer reassurance to families and serve as proof that these challenges don’t limit potential—they may even unlock it.

What to Look for in a Supportive College Environment

For counselors and families guiding student-athletes through the recruitment process, it’s critical to assess how well a college supports neurodiverse students. Many colleges offer accommodations through a disability support office, but some go a step further—with learning specialists, structured study halls, and academic programs specifically designed for student-athletes with learning differences.

At some institutions, incoming athletes are screened for learning challenges like ADHD or dyslexia during their onboarding process. This proactive approach allows coaches and academic advisors to offer tailored support early—before eligibility or confidence takes a hit.

Families should also ask about communication styles within the athletic department. Do coaches adapt instruction based on different learning styles? Are there academic liaisons for athletes? Is there a culture of trust that makes it safe for students to ask for help?

The best programs recognize that student-athletes are whole people. They see learning differences not as a liability, but as part of the broader picture—and they’re willing to meet students where they are.

Reducing Stigma, Encouraging Advocacy

For many student-athletes, the hardest part isn’t the learning difference itself—it’s the stigma. Some worry that coaches won’t take them seriously or that using accommodations will be viewed as an unfair advantage. Unfortunately, that fear can keep students from disclosing a diagnosis or accessing the resources they need to succeed.

This is where counselors and families play an essential role. Open conversations, encouragement to self-advocate, and reassurance that accommodations are a legal right—not a shortcut—can make a big difference. The most successful student-athletes with ADHD or dyslexia are often the ones who learn to ask for what they need early and confidently.

Final Thought

When navigating the college search and athletic recruiting process, don’t underestimate the importance of fit—not just athletic or academic, but learning support as well. With the right tools, understanding coaches, and proactive planning, student-athletes with learning differences can thrive at the college level—on the field and in the classroom.

If you’re wondering which colleges have reputed support systems in place for neurodiverse students, check out our curated list of schools below: